Passive Voice

PASSIVE VOICE

A. PENGERTIAN DAN POLA PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) merupakan kalimat  menggunakan kata kerja berawalan “di” (dipanggil, ditulis, dijual dan sebagainya). Dalam percakapan sehari-hari atau dalam sbuah buku bacaan passive voice ini selalu digunakan.

Dalam Bahasa Inggris kalimat pasif menggunakan pola :

TO BE + VERB-III

Pola ini berlaku untuk semua tenses yang ada. Tentu saja “To Be” dalam kalimat harus disesuaikan dengan tenses dan subjek yang dipergunakan. Namun demikian bentuk pasif “been being” dan “be being” jarang sekali dipakai. Aturan-aturannya merubah kalimat dari aktif ke pasif (The rules of

Passive Voice) adalah :

1.      The sentence must have oject (transitive verb). It must have question word which asks object.

2.      Object in active will be subject in passive.

3.      Subject in active will be object in passive.

4.      We must use past participle (verb-III).

5.      The arrange of sentence depends on tenses.

I). SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Pattern :

Is, Are, Am, + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      I write a letter (active)

A letteris written by me (passive).

2.      I don’t write a letter

A letter is not written by me.

3.      Do you write a letter?

Is a letter written by you?

II). PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pattern :

Is, Am, Are + Being + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      I am reading a bobok

A book is being read by me

2.      I am not reading a bobok

A book isn’t being read by me

3.      Are you reading a book?

Is a book being read by you?

III). PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Pattern :

Have/Has + been + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      They have brought a Ben

A pen has been brought by them

2.      They haven’t brought a Ben

A pen hasn’t been brought by them

3.      Have they brought a pen?

Has a pen been brought by them?

IV). PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pattern :

Have/Has + Been + Being + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      We have been cutting grass

Grass has been being cut by me

2.      I haven’t been cutting grass

Grass hasn’t been being cut by me

3.      Have I been cutting grass?

Has grass been being cut by me?

V). SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Pattern :

Was/were + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      I took Money

Money was taken by me

2.      I didn’t take Money

Money wasn’t taken by me

3.      Did you take money?

Was money taken by you?

VI). PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pattern :

Was/Were + being + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      She was telling story

Story was being told by her

2.      She wasn’t telling story

Story wasn’t being told by her

3.      Was she telling story?

Was story being told by her?

VII). PAST PERFECT TENSE

Pattern :

Had + Been + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      He had studied English

English had been studied by him

2.      He hadn’t studied English

English hadn’t been studied by hem

3.      Had he studied English?

Had English been studied by him?

VIII). PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pattern:

Had + Been + Being + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      They had been studying English

English had been being studied by them

2.      They hadn’t been studied English

English hadn’t been being studied by them

3.      Had they been studying English?

Had English been being studied by them?

IX). SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Pattern :

Will + Be + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      I will buy a pen

A pen will be bought by me

2.      I won’t buy a pen

A pen won’t be bought by me

3.      Will you buy a pen?

Will a pen be bought by you?

X). FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pattern :

Will + Be + Being + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      I will be speaking Sundanese

Sundanese will be being spoken by me

2.      I won’t be speaking Sundanese

Sundanese won’t be being spoken by me

3.      Will you be speaking Sundanese?

Will Sundanese be being spoken by you?

XI). FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Pattern :

Will + Have + Been + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      You will have sung a song

A song will have been sung by you

2.      You won’t have sung a song

A song won’t have been sung by you

3.      Will you have sung a song?

Will a song have been sung by you?

XII). FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pattern :

Will + Have + Been + Being + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      She will have been reading magazine

Magazine will have been being read by her

2.      She won’t have been reading magazine

Magazine won’t have been being read by her

3.      Will she have been reading magazine?

Will magazine have been being read by her?

XIII). SIMPLE PAST FUTURE

Pattern :

Would + Be + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      We would solve this problem

This problem would be solved by us

2.      We wouldn’t solve this problem

This problem wouldn’t be solved by us

3.      Would we solve this problem?

Would this problem be solved by us?

XIV). PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pattern :

Would + Be + Being + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      I would be doing homework

Homework would be being done by me

2.      I wouldn’t be doing homework

Homework wouldn’t be being done by me

3.      Would you be doing homework?

Would homework be being done by you?

XV). PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Pattern :

Would + Have + Been + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      You would have seen flower

Flower would have been seen by you

2.      You wouldn’t have seen flower

Flower wouldn’t have been seen by you

3.      Would I have seen flower?

Would have flower been seen by you?

XVI). PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pattern :

Would + Have + Been + Being + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      They would have been killing a cow

A cow would have been being killed by them

2.      They wouldn’t have been killing a cow

A cow wouldn’t have been being killed by them

3.      Would they have been killing a cow ?

Would a cow have been being killed by them ?

B. MODAL PASSIVE VOICE

1). Present Modal

Pattern :

Will, Shall, Can, May, Must, Have to + Be + Verb-III

For Example :

1.      I will speak Japanese

Japanese will be spoken by me

2.      I can speak Japanese

Japanese can be spoken by me

3.      I can’t speak Japanese

Japanese can’t be spoken by me

Pattern :

To be going to + Be + Verb-III

For Example :

1. I am going to speak english (active)

English is going to be spoken by me (passive)

22. To Be Able To

Pattern :

To Be Able To + Be + Verb-III

For Example :

1. I am able to speak Arabic

Arabic is able to be spoken by me

2. I will be able to spppeeeak Chinese

Chinese will be able to be spoken by me

2). PAST MODAL

Pattern :

Would, Should, Could, Might, Had To + Be + Verb-III

For Example :

1. I would see you

You would be seen by me

2. You would study English

English would be studied by you

3. He could sing a song

A song could be sung by him

4. You might take an umbrella

An umbrella might be taken by you

5. I had to sell a book

A book had to be sold by me

Notes :

1) Bentuk pasif biasanya juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang dilakukan tidak dengan sengaja, atau dalam Bahasa Indonesia sepadan dengan arti “TER” dalam kalimat berikut ini :

a)      I was woken up by that noise

( Saya terbangnkan oleh suara gaduh itu )

b)      I was surprised to see him

( saya terkejut melihat dia )

c)      I am interested in foreign language

( saya tertarik pada bahasa asing )

2) Kadang-kadang bentuk aktif (terutama infinitive) seringmempunyai arti atau dimaksudkan untuk menyatakan pasif.

Contoh :

a)      This book is easy to understand

( buku ini mudah untuk difahami )

b)      He has a large family to support

( Dia mempunyai keluarga besar yang harus dibantu )

c)      I have bought a new book to reda

( Saya telah membeli sebuah buku baru untu dibaca )

3) Jika kita melarang melakukan sesuatu kepada orang laindengan melibatkan kata kerja “di”, maka setelah kata “don’t” harus diletakan “be”.

Contoh :

a)      Don’t be killded ! ( jangan dibunuh )

b)      Don’t be thrown ! ( Jangan dibuang )

c)      Don’t be hurt ! ( Jangan disakiti )

4) Jika dalam kalimat aktif terdapat dua objek, maka keduaduanya dapat dijadikan subjek dalam kalimat pasif.

Contoh :

a)      Aktif : He gave me a book

( I was given a book by him ) passive

( a book was given to me by him ) passive

b)      Aktif : She was bringing them a parcel

( They were being brought a parcel by her ) passive

( a parcel was being brought to them by her ) passive

c)      Aktif : they lend me a pen

( I am lent a pen by them ) passive

( a pen is lent to me by them ) passiv